Künstliche Netzhaut aus Stammzellen

Zusammenfassung

Zellbasierte Verfahren der regenerativen Medizin versprechen am Auge eine ursachenunabhängige Therapie von degenerativen Netzhauterkrankungen im Endstadium. Beim Hornhautersatz ist die Transplantation in der Augenheilkunde gelebter Alltag. Im Bereich der Netzhaut gilt es dagegen noch, zahlreiche Hürden zu nehmen, bevor eine klinische Anwendung sinnvoll erscheint. Die größten Herausforderungen stellen dabei die Gewinnung und funktionelle Integration von intaktem Netzhautgewebe dar. Durch die Entwicklung der Pluripotenzinduktion kann mehrschichtiges Netzhautgewebe in vitro aus eigenen Körperzellen der Patienten generiert werden. Von der möglichen Lösung des Spenderproblems angespornt, zeichnen Folgearbeiten der letzten Jahre nun ein neues Bild vom Potenzial der Netzhauttransplantation. Dieser Artikel beleuchtet den Stand zellbasierter Ersatzverfahren sowie die Perspektiven einer künstlichen Netzhaut aus Stammzellen und diskutiert deren Potenzial im klinischen Kontext.

Abstract

In ophthalmology, regenerative medicine is rapidly becoming a reality. Cell based treatment strategies in end stage retinal degeneration may be of therapeutic value, whatever the mechanism of disease mechanism. However, while corneal transplantation is commonly performed with excellent results, many obstacles must be overcome before retinal transplants can become clinically useful. The major problems are the production of appropriate transplants and functional integration in situ. New technologies allow the production of autologous transplants by inducing pluripotency in adult somatic cells. Driven by this development, exciting new research has been conducted on the development of artificial retinal tissue for basic research and transplantation. This article reviews this progress and discusses its clinical utility.

Schlüsselwörter

Stammzellen - Netzhaut - Degeneration - Transplantation

Key words

stem cells - retina - degeneration - transplantation

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